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Halloween
Halloween, or Hallowe'en (; a contraction of All Hallows’ Evening), also known as Allhalloween, All Hallows' Eve, or All Saints' Eve, is a celebration observed in a number of countries on 31 October, the eve of the Western Christian feast of All Hallows' Day. It begins the three-day observance of Allhallowtide, the time in the liturgical year dedicated to remembering the dead, including saints (hallows), martyrs, and all the faithful departed.〔''Don't Know Much About Mythology: Everything You Need to Know About the Greatest Stories in Human History but Never Learned'' (Davis), HarperCollins, page 231〕
According BBC Online, it is "widely believed" that many Halloween traditions originated from the ancient Celtic harvest festival Samhain, and that this Gaelic observance was Christianized by the early Church.〔 Samhain and other such festivals may have also had pagan roots.〔〔("Halloween." ) ''History.com''. Retrieved 24 October 2013.〕 Some, however, support the view that Halloween began independently of Samhain and has Christian roots.〔
Halloween activities include trick-or-treating (or the related guising), attending Halloween costume parties, decorating, carving pumpkins into jack-o'-lanterns, lighting bonfires, apple bobbing and divination games, playing pranks, visiting haunted attractions, telling scary stories and watching horror films. In many parts of the world, the Christian religious observances of All Hallows' Eve, including attending church services and lighting candles on the graves of the dead, remain popular, although elsewhere it is a more commercial and secular celebration. Some Christians historically abstained from meat on All Hallows' Eve,〔All Hallows' Eve (Diana Swift), Anglican Journal〕〔Ordinary Time: 31 October Thursday of the Thirtieth Week of Ordinary Time; All Hallows' Eve (Jennifer Gregory Miller), Catholic Culture〕 a tradition reflected in the eating of certain foods on this vigil day, including apples, colcannon, potato pancakes and soul cakes.〔〔Santino, p.85〕〔
==Etymology==
The word ''Halloween'' or ''Hallowe'en'' dates to about 1745〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Online Etymology Dictionary: Halloween )〕 and is of Christian origin.〔''The A to Z of Anglicanism'' (Colin Buchanan), Scarecrow Press, page 8〕 The word "Halloween" means "hallowed evening" or "holy evening".〔''The American Desk Encyclopedia'' (Steve Luck), Oxford University Press, page 365〕 It comes from a Scottish term for ''All Hallows' Eve'' (the evening before All Hallows' Day).〔 In Scots, the word "eve" is ''even'', and this is contracted to ''e'en'' or ''een''. Over time, ''(All) Hallow(s) E(v)en'' evolved into ''Halloween''. Although the phrase "All Hallows'" is found in Old English (''ealra hālgena mæssedæg'', all saints mass-day), "All Hallows' Eve" is itself not seen until 1556.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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